Mental Health Issues in the UK Criminal Justice System

cordial comfortablyness Issues in the UK Criminal justness System kind Health indisposition is a problem that the culpable referee governance faces daily. In 1992, the National Alliance for the psychologically forbidding (NAMI) and the Public Citizens Health Research Group released a report that depict alarmingly high numbers of hatful with schizophrenia, bipolar dis distinguish, and an separate(prenominal) earnest psychical maladyes incarcerated in jails across the country (Erickson Erickson, 2008, p. 4). Mental wellness infirmity bear contri howevere to jail and prison overcrowding, high disgust rates, do drugs addiction, and umteen other problems.The police squad decided to examine affable health issues as it relates to the condemnable justice establishment and specifically how affable health potbelly play a role in the crime. Different factors move become a problem with cordial health unsoundness and the lamentable justice dodge. Jail and priso n officials should be train to identify psychological health crisis. Mental health headmasters including psychiatrists should be available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, to evaluate likely crises and prescribe extremity medications in detention facilities (Compton Kotwicki, 2007, p. 49). Even though, is true the problem starts with the crime and the sentence. many problems and questions arise when a mortal who possesses a psychogenic chargeness hopes offense. in that location atomic number 18 many obstacles that necessitate to be overcome before convicting person of a crime. First a crime has to report. From there, the crime and the man-to-man as well as witnesses need to be interview or interrogate. data gathered during this military operation moldiness be valid in order for the Prosecutor eventually good deals down a charge. However, roughlytimes in certain(p) circumstances, officers, and detectives whitethorn press charges against an individual and it the Pro secutor to either appoint charges chthonic that individual. A prosecutor may book with the charges that the Detectives chose, and in that crusade, the charges rear end be amended to a greater or lesser charge. At this point, it is particularly necessary that the suspect seek legal advice. A appeal date give determine. This typically called a tryout, and at this point, the defendant green goddess fall in a plea of censurable, not guilty or no contest. From there, a trial w bedridden set in which the Prosecutor and refutal attorney allow for discuss their parapraxis before a jury. At the conclusion of the trial, the jury w autistic decide guilt or innocence. agree to Compton and Kotwicki (2007), Just like cases in which a psychological gruesomeness is not a factor charges against a defendant with a cordial illness may be dropped, the defendant can plead guilty, or the defendant can be found guilty or not guilty by trial (p. 490). A verdict of not guilty by reason o f insanity is not a conviction, and it does not require a basis for venomous sentencing and punishment. Not that the charge should go away, and when the render finds someone not guilty because of reason for insanity con brassred an acquittal. What the suppose does is making that individual do his or her time in either a rehab facility or in a affable hospital.Depending, on the defendants carri get along one could be eventually discharge with charges thrown out. If the defendants behavior becomes worse, charges lead not get dropped, and one give sentence to prison later on seeing the judge if the judge thinks he, or she would be competent to do his or her time in prison to finish the sentence for the crime her or she once committed (Compton and Kotwicki, 2007, p. 13). However, for bulk with mental illness, a judge may exercise discretion in pursuing alternatives to conviction and sentencing (Compton and Kotwicki, 2007, p. 13).Convictions could sneak for mental health issue s depending on what issue they adjudge. Many police officers or detective does not recognize the signs of a mental disease of an individual questioned or suspected of a crime. Reported to the New York Times, today many individuals can provide documentation with details giving them the right hand to get their conviction overturned. When a person is sitting in an examination room question for a crime, but has a mental illness that the police force cannot accept as well as does not accept the capabilities to invite for a lawyer, the judge will oftentimes abundantly so pat the police force for not seeing the signs of mental illness. When the defending team team represents their client, it appear in court, which if the right protocol not show whence the facts they appear before the court would behave no cause. Many individuals make false confessions because of the illness they have which will allow the convictions to get overturned. heap with mental illness cannot always tell t heir thoughts clearly or bring in what others ar saying to them (Persons With Mental unhealthiness Who Are Homeless Or Missing A Guide For Families, p. 1). In confusion, some will pull back while others have grandiose ideas and cannot make sound judgments (Persons With Mental distemper Who Are Homeless Or Missing A Guide For Families, p. 1). sometimes they set off home or other fixed surroundings, and they become homeless or missing (Persons With Mental Illness Who Are Homeless Or Missing A Guide For Families, 2012, p. 1). They can go for days, weeks, months or age (Guide To Help Locate Missing Homeless Mentally Ill, 2012, p. 1). Often they leave behind distraught families, hoping to realize their loved ones home or to another(prenominal) safe place (Guide To Help Locate Missing Homeless Mentally Ill, 2012, p. 1). Different examples of mental illnesses argon anxiety, which is a sense of fear, nervousness, and worry near something that may arise in the future. Attention de ficit hyper bodily process disorder (ADHD) that is a, mental illness characterized by an impaired ability to regulate activity direct (hyperactivity) attend to taxs (inattention) (Information astir(predicate) Mental Illness And The Brain, 2012, p. 2). Inhibit behavior (impulsivity), schizophrenia, which is a serious, inexorable, and disabling brain disease (Mental Illness Glossary, 2012, p. 2).People with schizophrenia much ache terrifying symptoms, much(prenominal) as hearing internal voices or believing that other people ar reading their minds, controlling their thoughts, or plotting to harm them (Mental Illness Glossary, 2012, p. 2). These symptoms may cause them anxious and withdrawn (Information About Mental Illness And The Brain, 2012, p. 1). Their speech and behavior so disorganized that they may be confusing or frightening to others (Information About Mental Illness And The Brain, 2012, p. 1). These are just some examples of health issues that go unrecognized, so whe n a crime committed many police officers not trained to understand the symptoms and behaviors that go a ample with the mental illness.Many individuals across the nation suffer from chronic mental illness that can affect several factors of ones life. It can take an adverse impact to employment, personal relationships, and a great deal leads to substance villainy and involvement of criminal activity. The team cannot control aspects of a mental illness we can determine the problems as well, as the issues surrounding the mentally ill individuals within the criminal justice system (Mentally Ill Offenders And County Jails Survey Results And polity Issues Criminal Justice, 2000, p. 15). in that location are many types of mentally ill offenders, some that commit angry crimes and others that commit minor offenses but from what even par that a person uses needs to understand that negotiatement is the place.Supporting resources revealed equivalent views by stating, Inadequate treatmen t and services leaves people unprotected from the military posture of their illness, and we wait and watch until they do something, often a non-violent misdemeanor, to put them in trouble with the law (Department of Health and Human Services, 2000, p. 1). For the offenders that commit minor offenses, law-enforcement officers ordinarily can identify them from observations. At this point, a police officer has the potential to Baker make up the criminal. Possessing an Offender Baker Acted can remember as a way involuntary intend to obtain mental health treatment, For example, a person who is presenting a threat to him or herself or other that may be cannot access the treatment needed.If the officer, decides to make an arrest rather the person brought to jail and eventually through a screening process. The perspicacity will determine the condition or severity of his or her mental see to itation. If the level is not uncommon, the offender place within the general population. If it affirm that he or she is a risk, the person is places on the psychiatric status for further ratings. Ultimately the mentally ill convict will brook treatment from physicians and case workers and spend eight times longer confine. An modal(a) prisoner to obtain the necessary treatment wants to become a cultivable member in society.The justice system has come a long distance by supporting programs, such as the Criminal Mental Health Project. This project was creating to discover better ways of handling mentally ill individuals. As they come in cutaneous senses, the criminal justice system as well as treatment requires. There are ii facilitate components to the development programs that accept pre-arrest and the post arrest diversion program. The pre-arrest deviation is aim to identify and prevent any mentally ill person from entering the criminal justice system.According to resources, For these diversion options to be successful, though, resources must observe release conditi ons and provides treatment. Otherwise, diversion will just contribute to the deinstitutionalization/ criminalisation revolving door (Center of Problem-Oriented Policing, 2006). Upon entry into treatment programs often offenders placed within community-based treatment facilities where they assimilate appropriate care. While undergoing treatment, they will continue to be varan by a court ordered case worker.There are many studies that have tried to tackle the common questions of, how the justice system should play a key role when coming in contact with the mentally ill and what is the appropriate action that should supplied to each obligation of an offender who is mentally ill. The criminal justice system faced with a quandary when a mentally ill person enters the justice system. The difficult task becomes weighing the options of punishment or providing treatment. This similar dilemma seen in the case of Andrea Yates, a 36 year-old native of Texas that drowned her five children. Ma ny horrified by this crime in hopes she would be discipline and others had mixed emotions. It came out during the hearing that she was mentally ill suffering from postpartum psychosis but was this merely a defense lawyers tactic.Further researcher revealed that, A Justice Department investigating from 1999 that estimates the number of mentally ill prisoners to be about 16% of the integral prison population. Analysts say fair treatment of the mental ill often overshadowed by opposition to the use of the insanity defense, which some claim abused a way to get away with crimes. According to reports, however, the insanity defense used in less than 1% of all criminal trials. Experts agree it succeeds in only about one-quarter of those cases (The Mentally Ill in the lawful System, 2009, p. 10).The problem still moves forward as the justice system debates on how to handle such circumstance. The issue becomes the responsibility as this is what country has distilled in the justice system . For this purpose, it is necessary to understand the roles and responsibilities that the justice system has in chronic further research on methods. To improve treatment of the mentally ill offenders as well as treatment for these offenders mentally.In a get taken by Psych Central, the discoveries suggest Two thirds of prisoners nationwide with a mental illness were off medication at the time of their arrest, according to a new exact by Harvard researchers that suggest under treatment of mental illness contributes to crimes and imprisonment (Mental Health News from North Carolina Mental Hope, n.d., P 5.). Although the discoveries may reflect distinctions, the key factor is that mental health can and does contribute to crime. Many of the soldiers who serve in the Army and do resolve will suffer from post-traumatic stress. Which lead, to a severe mental unbalance that finally results in crime. Very similar to that of a person who born with severe mental problems and lacks the abi lity to distinguish between right and wrong, many of these individuals commit a crime because of the constant replay of visions of acts committed while percentage but under the direct control (Doctor Says Palin In Excellent Health CBS News, 2011, P. 1). Unfortunately, whether a person born with mental issues, or develops psychological issues as a result of an event in life can be more likely to possess a strong fear of crime.Institutes for mental health care, review scientific research a critical activity. A good way to stimulate research is by simplifying data accruement through observation. In collecting data for the study of mental health issues, one effective way to collect data for this study would be through observation. Examination of subjects with mental illness would allow researchers to assess side effects of mental illness. For the study, of mental illness and crime consideration among other methods of data collection used to determine the effects of criminal activity i n conjunction with crime. By observing, subjects who been diagnosed with mental illness along with analyze and valuation of behavioral activities, a simple collection of information will assist in aiding researchers get answers to the questions of mental illness.The number of mentally ill offenders incarcerated is gradually growing. There are approximately seven percent of mentally ill offenders in jail within the U.S population. The approach to the participant evaluation will be selecting individuals whom have had prior encounters with the criminal justice system such as individual that entered the justice system and have under gone treatment from mental health professional that appointed by the mental health courts and not released. The selection of individuals will also include mentally ill offenders currently establishing a position with in the criminal justice system. These include but not limited to offenders currently seeking treatment for their illness, offenders that are awaiting the hearing process from the courts, and detainees from law-enforcement officers that have implemented the Bakers Act that is necessary for spotless and successful treatment. This evaluation would be far from stand in if the process did not include the experience and knowledge from the trained professional such as law-enforcement officers that often are the origin contacts made, the mental health courts that make the determination of each unique case, and the mental health professionals that treat the offenders in order for them to have a chance to be a productive member in society. They attempt to conduct this evaluation will pay close attention to the needs of these individuals, such as setting, technique of the evaluation and how the groups be combined in order to obtain accurate data.The evaluation will become much more simplified by combining the groups to obtain structure and order during the evaluation. The break down of the evaluation will be following an outlin e in which how the evaluation process conducted, this will ensure that all data collected and is significant to the study as well as the study groups. The groups be combined as the following, the prior mentally ill offenders findings be incorporated with the mentally ill offenders that currently detained in the criminal justice system, this can include first time offenders and offenders awaiting hearing. The next groups will consist of the offenders as a in all number and the experienced professional that have implemented their treatments and rehabilitation. The next acquaint in the evaluation is to secure an environment suitable for all participants. This will ensure comfort ability with the participants it would also be an area with no distractions. As the interviews are conducting a series of individuals questions, be generated for each individual. The soft data method that be implemented will make certain that other resources can be used to support the findings of the evaluat ion. Some refined resources that can be collected in this procedure are health check evaluation records and details procedures that utilized as guidelines for necessary treatment for the offender.When we blabber about the procedures for mental illnesses, the doctors have to treat each illness case by case basis. A prime example is a defendant that is mentally retarded. The defendant charged with kidnapping and murder. The mental retardation certify consisted of expert testimony that the defendant had mind deficits (an IQ below 70), and also contained three variable manipulations (1) testimony that the defendant lacked/did not lack a practical adaptive skill (the ability to care for himself) (2) testimony that the defendant lacked/did not lack a social adaptive skill (interpersonal abilities) and (3) the age of onset of the mental retardation as being from birth (before 18) or by and by age 18 due to a brain psychic trauma (Margaret Reardon, 2007, p. 11). Although by definition mental retardation cannot have an onset after age 18, many researchers points out the legal issue that identical intellectual deficits can develop regardless of age of onset (Margaret Reardon, 2007, p. 12).The jurors have to consider the mental illness of the person that set forth of the trial. Many defendants receive expert testimony that specifically stated that the crime was attributable to the defendants mental retardation. The nexus testimony stated that the defendant was unable to appreciate the criminal nature of their act and that he or she was vulnerable to following the stress of others due to their limited logical capacity (Margaret Reardon, 2007, p. 12).Participants then intended for to a page containing jury instructions where they recorded their verdict of whether the defendant is mentally retarded. Variables manipulated in the instructions included (1) the party carrying the burden of conclusion, (2) the standard of proof (beyond a reasonable doubt/by a preponderan ce of the evidence), and for the mental retardation determination, (3) the definition of mental retardation used (Margaret Reardon, 2007, p. 12).Many individuals have to understand the different emotions and styles with dealing with an individual with mental illness. Self-aware is well aware of their moods. These people have some sophistication about their frantic lives. They are in excellent psychological health and tend to have a positive outlook on life. When they get into a dismal mood, they do not ruminate or obsess about it, and are able to get out of it sooner. Engulfed are people who feel swamped by their emotions and helpless to escape them, they are mercurial and not particularly much aware of their feelings, so they lost in them rather than having some purview (Batool, 2011, p. 1). They have no control over their emotional life. Accepting people are usually clear about what they are feeling, they accept their mood, but do not try to change them either in total or seve re mood. This pattern found among depressed people who resigned to their despair (Batool, 2011, p. 1)).The difference between right and wrong is not easily explained. Mental health and illness within the walls of the correctional facilities throughout the United States are struggling with many obstacles. Many inpatients claim insanity or a mental illness. However, we left to believe that they are simply using this defense as a way to ask for forgiveness for the crime they have committed. There are many inmates that medicated, but nothing seems to help their violent outbursts. On the other hand, there are many inmates that are in fact, responding to medications to help their condition. According to Wendy Fry, producer of KPBS.org, she states that the cost per year to house an inmate is approximately $50,000 per year but that when an inmate hits the age of 55, we should expect that meat to almost triple. The idea of figuring out a way to pass along mental health and illness from t he prison setting is not as easy as one may think. Actually, it is next to impossible. Medicaid set up to help those who are below the income in which they could afford health insurance. Medicaid pays for mental health appointments as well as the medication to control such illnesses. However, without the will of the individual or the parents of children to seek out the help needed, our prisons will continue to be overcrowded and unsteady.There is one act that we can do. When an inmate comes into the realm of the correctional facility, we can do what we have been doing, we provide them with medical care, and this also includes mental health. From there it all depends on the individual if they are going to work the system, or let the system work for them. There is a saying that you can lead a horse to water, but you cannot make them drink. This can be applied to the correctional facilities inmates. Some people are just career criminals, and with that being said, some inmates clearly n eed mental health. So before, we can go in depth on a budget to help this situation, we need to know how to tell the difference between mental illness and simply an excuse to break the law.In conclusion, many problems stem from mental health illness when brought against the criminal justice system. Furthermore, many questions brought up about the sentencing and what punishing a person with a mental illness should obtain and what mark just for an individual with a mental illness. Certain laws are in place for people with a mental illness that commits offense. Some individuals who do have a mental illness but convicted and cut through the loop holes of the criminal justice system.