How Economic Globalization Has Fostered Globalization of Critics and Criticism Essay

I. aditThe sentiment of ball-shapedisation is matchless of the most talked ab bulge terms over the agone decades. In occurrence, it is a highly popular buzzword that true lacks a banal or comm scarcely agreed upon definition. (Trebilcock, 2000). The fantasy of frugal globalisation stemmed from the root concept of globalisation and by definition, pertains to that unique(predicate) attribute of globalisation that refers to the answer of integration amongst the sparing await and the essential, under-developed and ontogeny economies (Naik, 2011). economic globalization essentially comes together finished multinational get by, FDIs (foreign film investments) and the like (Naik, 2011). As stated by Naik (2011), scotch globalization is a process that is all nearly the citizens and their welf atomic number 18. By standard definition, scotch globalization refers to the supposed developmentd sparing interdependency of conglomerate countries which whitethorn gist from the rise in terms of the movement of the diametric respectables, services, bully and technologies across the international b molds (Trebilcock, 2000).Other authors and stinting experts define the concept of frugal globalization as the globalization of the commercializes which explains the phenomenon of the global marketplace or the ability of a proper(postnominal) manufacturer that is based from a peculiar(prenominal) develop of the being to sell a product or good to the consumers in other move of the instauration (Trebilcock, 2000 Naik, 2011). Economic globalization has alike enabled the rise of other related concepts such(prenominal) as transnational or multi-national companies/corporations which refer to the companies that ar active in numerous countries at the alike time (Trebilcock, 2000 Naik, 2011).Be behave of these characteristics of frugal globalization, other notable concepts which include foreign direct investments (FDIs), alliance greatism, i nternational trade and the like pose been attributed to the concept of scotch globalization. In fact, to a greater extent than mere concepts, these terms exhaust exerted tremendous benefits for the diverse people around the cosmos (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000). However, one cannot totally ignore the fact that some critics recognize the veto effect or consequences of frugal globalization as up to now the very concept of globalization itself whitethorn pay off specific pros and cons. As understandd by Naik (2011), while thither atomic number 18 a foreshorten forth of advant whiles in sparing globalization, in that respect alike exists a number of disadvantages in stintingal globalization as a phenomenon. Many critics call for out that the countries interdependence with one another serves as one of the biggest issues in stintingal globalization.They assert that when an frugalal crisis is beingness get it ond by one democracy, this can expiration into an spa ring crisis as good on the polar countries with which a country shares its scotch ties (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000 Harrison, 2007). deflexion from this, there are excessively umteen critics who argue that unlike companies actually exploit trade union movement by investing in production facilities within develop countries. Because huge transnational companies that come from already developed countries resort to ontogeny countries in order to acquire cheaper labor, critics consider this as alarming because they are only overture to these countries in order to acquire natural resources and more affordable labor which result be at their stimulate advantage (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000 Harrison, 2007).Aside from this, many a(prenominal) critics alike argue that economic globalization has already proven to have caused a number of ideological and political tensions in the different parts of the knowledge domain and that these will cut across to move on and grow farther as the so-called economic super big businessman era comes closer (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000). Furthermore, the critics argued that the interdependence brought slightly by economic globalization has not really do anything in order to improve the lives of meagreness-stricken communities and individuals across Africa and Asia. Apparently, despite the comfortably huge success of economic globalization, a large portion of the universe in the world still rebrinyed to be in great poverty (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000). This is precisely the reason why the critics could not help but differentiate the unequal effects of economic globalization among the development and developed countries.In this research paper, we will explore the process as to how the so-called economic globalization phenomenon has nurseed a globalization of critics and condemnation. In this research paper, we will take the definition of economic globalization and its implications and how it has allegedly brought ab out and triggered the rise of a number of critics. This research paper will as well identify the specific reflections that critics have previously cited and identified with regard to the economicglobalization phenomenon. The of import objective of this research paper is to provide evidence as to how the outcome of globalization of critics and criticism was a direct by-product of economic globalization. Hence, in line with this main objective, this research paper will directly reply the research question How did economic globalization foster globalization of critics and criticism?II. LITERATURE REVIEWA. Economic globalization Defined.Economic globalization, by strict definition, refers to the phenomenon characterized with an change magnitude interdependence of the different national economies in the economic circumstance (Joshi, 2009). This process or phenomenon is also characterized with a swift and steady increase in the movement of different goods, services, technologies as healthy as capital across borders (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000). While globalization as a sole mise en scene is focused on the rapid developments in the areas of science and technology and economic division of labor, the concept of economic globalization is centered on the suppuration of information as well as the advancement of science and technology. Thus, economic globalization may be viewed in two different aspects both as a arrogant or as a oppose process or phenomenon (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000).The economic globalization phenomenon is comprised of a globalization process of various markets, corporations, technologies, industries, production and notwithstanding competition. interestingly, the economic globalization process is not at all a new phenomenon as for the past centuries or hundreds of years, this process has continuously and consistently occurred (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000). Nevertheless, it was only about two or three decades ago that the concept of ec onomic globalization has been recognized and disposed importance by economic analysts and experts. It initially appeared as an important part of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the being Trade arranging (WTO) frameworks because of these new economic policies, many countries have managed to cut down their trade barriers as well as open up new capital and current accounts (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000). Indeed, economic globalization phenomenon may be accounted for the increased integration and interdependence of the different countries and their economies, particularly, the integration between developed and less developed economies.Clearly, this economic globalization phenomenon was achieved and was manifested through with(predicate) FDIs (foreign direct investment) as well as the reduction of the so-called trade barriers and the emergence of cross-border migration cases (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000). The authors Hameed & Nazir (2012) on the other extend to have a different view with regard to economic globalization. They maxim this phenomenon as having occurred because of the improvements in technology as well as the go down in transportation cost. Hameed & Nazir (2012) also cited the fact that numerous national governments have deliberately chosen to integrate themselves with the global economy which became the ultimate trigger top dog for economic globalization to emerge. Hameed & Nazir (2012) defined the concept of economic globalization also as the process of removing trade restrictions and barriers such as quotas and tariffs as well as the labor free movement and capital market liberalization.Because of the removal of all the possible barriers and restrictions, economic globalization has emerged (Hameed & Nazir, 2012). This phenomenon occurred in the past 1980s and 1990s decades wherein majority of the developing countries reduced and alleviated their so-called important controls by fixing tarriff rates down as well as elimin ating restrictions on FDIs (foreign direct investment) (Hameed & Nazir, 2012). Furthermore, Hameed & Nazir (2012) had positiveviews with regard to economic globalization citing that this has led towards the attainment of higher productivity and growth as well as a large reduction of poverty in many countries. This assertion is certainly contrary to what many critics deny with economic globalization being the key towards achieving higher productivity and growth.Trebilcock (2000) on the other devolve stress that focusing too much on the positive sides of economic globalization may not be a good inclination as there are different significant effects to economic globalization which are not only limited to the positive ones. Apparently, there is a statistical evidence which points out that economic globalization causes a significant imbalance of world power between thedeveloped and the developing countries which are part of a greater global economy (Hameed & Nazir, 2012 Trebilcock, 20 00).B. Criticisms against Economic GlobalizationAccording to Shangquan (2000), it is important to recognize the fact that the increased participation of the developing countries in the process of globalization may enable them to best hold their so-called comparative advantages and be introduced to more advanced methods of technologies, management experience as well as foreign capital. Economic globalization also has undeniably brought developing countries in a much favorable note in terms of eliminating or preventing any form of monopolistic behaviors and also, more importantly, in strengthening the market competition (Shangquan, 2000). However, apart from the immense opportunities for increased development that economic globalization has provided among developing countries, economic globalization also poses many significant risks (Shangquan, 2000). Interestingly, these significant economic globalization risks serve as the ultimate basis and evidence of the critics of economic glo balization against this phenomenon. These risks serve as the critics proof and basis for their criticisms on economic globalization.One of the prominent criticisms against economic globalization is the widened bed cover between the uniting and the South. Based on the early reports published by the United Nations during the year 1999, this gap between these two parts of the world has widened further as a result of economic globalization (Shangquan, 2000 Trebilcock, 2000). The UNs reports contained facts and evidences that the total number of the developing countries that gained the benefits of economic globalization was only a small percentage (Shangquan, 2000 Trebilcock, 2000). Apparently, this was reflected in the gap or the difference in terms of the income per capita of the poorest and the richest country which has greatly magnified to about 70 times as a result of the economic globalization (Shangquan, 2000 Trebilcock, 2000).The second top criticism that critics often throw a gainst economic globalization is the fact that many developing countries run the risk of being uncovered to external factors in the environment that are unfavorable. Apparently, underthe economic conditions that are open to conflicts, there is an important realization which states that there are immense constraints with regard to the open macroeconomic regulations and policies among developing countries which continue to mute their macroeconomic regulation and control capacities (Shangquan, 2000 Trebilcock, 2000). In addition to this, the constant change of the different monetary instruments also moves further the expansion of the various pecuniary assets of companies in developing countries. Apparently, this has brought about enormous negative impacts on the financial stability and economic safety of majority of companies within developing nations (Shangquan, 2000 Trebilcock, 2000). Aside from the negative economic impacts of economic globalization, other scholars and authors a lso argue that economic globalization may have vivid negative hygienic impacts on the surrounding different closes of the world in general.According to Held (2004), through the advent of economic globalization, there is a greater chance that the different populations from various cultures will mimic or imitate the labor markets and the international capital flow through the merging of cultures. And certainly within this process, the inseparable peoples exposure to economic measures and foreign measures may cause major assimilations on their lifestyles (Held, 2004). Specifically, based on the numerous researchers who have been perusing the main effects of the economic globalization phenomenon among the youth, the different populations in the world will inevitably experience many changes as triggered by economic globalization (Held, 2004). Populations from South America, Arab, Africa, Caribbean and South East Asia will be exposed more on Western cultures including their language w hich is English, their music, their computers and technologies, their dating practices, even their sexual urge roles as well as the other nitty-gritty of the Western cultures (Held, 2004). every(prenominal) of these will certainly bring about negative effects specially in the process of preserving their own native cultures. Apparently, based on a juvenile study conducted, thenegative ethnical impacts of economic globalization are inevitable and theassimilation of the native cultures are unescapable in this day and age (Xintian, 2002).Hence, no matter how much a specific culture would nurse and affect its own, the challenges and the changes of at presents economic globalization phenomenon will continue to put pressure on the different populations cultures and would last result to the emergence of a totally new assimilated culture which may not be as distinct and as lord as the one that the populations to begin with had (Held, 2004 Xintian, 2002). An author named George Ritze r once wrote about another point of criticism against economic globalization and his emphasis was on the so-called McDonaldization of a specific rescript as brought about by the economic globalization process (Ritzer, 2010). Ritzer emphasized that the different fast food businesses that continue to spread all throughout America as well as in the rest of the world will inevitably be forced upon the various world populations.They will be forced to adopt the fast-food cultures which continue to expand its influence across the world and this was made possible by the economic globalization which served as an important and influential force in standardizing the Western culture (Ritzer, 2010). flat in the area or aspect of the media, economic globalization also has somewhat certain negative impacts. For example, according to Nakayma (2005), the global parole media companies exportation their information and deliver them through the Internet, radio and the news. However, in the process, these information are being exposed to Western values and products given that the top North American companies such as Reuters, CNN and BBC are the ones that dominate the global media and news industry.They are far more powerful and influential as compared to the likes of Al-Jazeera which may only cater to a smaller number of audiences and may only exert influence on a few people (Nakayma, 2005). This implies that and then, the measuring stick of influence of America in almost all aspects of living whether it be in culture, news, politics, economics, and the media, are undeniable. This means that in one way or another, the economic globalization may bring about negative effects on the developing countries since they are the ones on receiving end and not on the influencing side (The Economist, 2011 Bertucci & Alberti, 2010 Aisbett, 2007).III. DISCUSSIONGiven the immense number of literatures that point out the advantages, benefits and positive effects of economic globalization, it would be difficult to ascertain and even argue that economic globalization has a negative side to it (Bertucci & Alberti, 2010). Interestingly however, the increasing number of critics that point out the negative effects of economic globalization as a global phenomenon constantly increased in the past few years which mean that today, more than before there are more evidences with regard to the not-so-advantageous impacts of economic globalization in the world. As previously stated by Naik (2011), one of the negative aspects of economic globalization is that of its ability to weaken a countrys economic authority while it remains to be dependent on other countries. This is such that when an economic crisis is being experienced by one country, this can result into an economic crisis as well on the different countries with which a country shares its economic ties (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000).Aside from being prone to economic crisis, another criticism against economic globalization is the fact that it causes a significant imbalance of power between the developed and the developing countries which are part of a greater global economy (Hameed & Nazir, 2012 Trebilcock, 2000). This means that the gap between the developed and the developing countries continue to increase and widen which in the end, would place the developing countries in a somewhat abused and disadvantaged purview. The third important point of criticism of the critics of economic globalization is the fact that the present economic globalization phenomenon places to put on high levels of pressure on the different populations cultures which may ultimately result to the emergence of a totally new assimilated culture that may not be as distinct and as original as the ones they had before (Held, 2004 Xintian, 2002).To put it simply, economic globalization made it instead difficult if not impossible to preserve ones cultural origins and distinct practices and languages as the pervasiveness of the Wester n influence is too strong which is a manifestation of the many changes that the economic globalization may bring about (Shangquan, 2000 Nakayma, 2005 Lerche III, 2002). Therefore, because of these highlighted points of criticism that are usually beingraised upon by various authors who are against the concept of economic globalization, one can contend that indeed economic globalization has fostered a globalization of critics and criticism because of its own negative aspects and influences among the developing countries. Not only does the concept of economic globalization bring about positive consequences in the global dimension, it also inevitably brings about a number ofconsequential disadvantages not only in the economic aspect but also in social, cultural, political and even in the media aspects (Bertucci & Alberti, 2010 Aisbett, 2007).IV. ANALYSIS/ IMPLICATIONSIn answering the question, How did economic globalization foster globalization of critics and criticism? it may be assert ed that economic globalization did foster globalization of critics and criticism in a number of ways. Apparently, in the recent years, there have been more evidences concerning the not-so-advantageous impacts of economic globalization in the world and among these include the capacity of economic globalization to purposely weaken a countrys economic situation as it remains to be dependent on other countries. Its manifestation is whenever a country experiences economic crisis, it inevitably results into an economic crisis as well on the different countries with which a country shares its economic ties.This means that the so-called interdependence and partnership between developing and developed nations has a negative side to it as when the economic situation of a country fails to normalize, other nations will be bear upon in a negative way (Naik, 2011 Trebilcock, 2000). Because of this specific disadvantage, many critics consider economic globalization as a risky process and a negati ve phenomenon as opposed to what many proponents argue (The Economist, 2011 Aisbett, 2007). Aside from the issue on economic crisis, another direct criticism often impel against economic globalization is the fact that it causes a significant imbalance of powerbetween the developed and the developing countries which are part of a greater global economy (Hameed & Nazir, 2012 Trebilcock, 2000). Apparently,this is quite true as observed by many economic experts and analysts who have studied economic globalization as a phenomenon for many years.They have observed that one of the inevitable results of the economic globalization phenomenon is the widened or increased gap between the developed and the developing countries. Apparently, this places the developing countries in a somewhat abused and disadvantaged position as they are the ones on the losing end while the developed countries are on the side of gaining all the benefits to the phenomenon (Hameed & Nazir, 2012 Trebilcock, 2000). An d lastly, it may be asserted that economic globalization did foster globalization of critics and criticism because of the fact that economic globalization phenomenon put on high levels of pressure on the different populations cultures ultimately resultd in the emergence of a totally new assimilated culture and the developing countries inability to preserve their culture (Held, 2004 Xintian, 2002). Many critics argue that economic globalization made it quite difficult if not impossible for the developing countries to preserve their cultural origins and distinct practices and languages (Shangquan, 2000 Nakayma, 2005 Lerche III, 2002).V. CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, all the three main highlighted points of criticism which always serve as the main entry of critics in going against the concept of economic globalization provide evidence as to why economic globalization did foster a globalization of criticsand criticism. The humankind is that indeed economic globalization has fostered a globa lization of critics and criticism because of its own negative consequences and influences especially on the part of the developing countries. There is the widened economic gap between the rich (developed) and the poor (developing) countries. Another is that economic globalization made it impossible for the developing countries to protect and preserve their cultures. And lastly, economic globalization brought about a number of consequential disadvantages not only in the economic aspect but also in social, cultural, political and even in the media aspects (Bertucci & Alberti, 2010 Aisbett, 2007 Lerche III, 2002 Hameed & Nazir, 2012).Nevertheless, despite the fact that economic globalization has fostered aglobalization of critics and criticism, it does not mean that economic globalization as a phenomenon should be permanently ceased. As in any other global phenomena and processes, economic globalization has its own set of advantages and disadvantages as well as positive and negative im pacts to the countries and populations it would influence. For this reason, criticisms are only natural consequences of any other global phenomenon such as economic globalization. Critics are free to critique or display their disapproval for economic globalization as a concept however, they must also recognize and acknowledge that this global phenomenon has contributed much to the developments of todays present age (Harrison, 2007).REFERENCES Aisbett, E. (2007). Why are the Critics So convert that Globalization is Bad for the Poor? University of Chicago Press. Bertucci, G., & Alberti, A. (2010). Globalization and the Role of the sound out Challenges and Perspectives. Retrieved from http//unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan006225.pdf Hameed, A., & Nazir, A. (2012). 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